Caesarea Pottery Chemical Analysis

Michael Fuller

XRF analysis 371 = Zirconium = 0.792% +/- 0.191, Lead = 0.272% +/- 0.067, Zinc = 0.407% +/- 0.107, Copper = 0.199% +/- 0.089, Iron = 26.230% +/- 4.013, Manganese = 0.722% +/- 0.191, Titanium = 2.699% +/- 0.631, Molybdenum = 0.259% +/- 0.102, Aluminum = 10.739% +/- 1.229, and Silica = 57.558% +/- 3.0986

Frying pan with red glaze - Crusader.

pXRF analysis 196: Barium = 1496.55 ppm +/- 294.96, Antimony = 1853.95 ppm +/- 78.53, Tin = 1440.05 ppm +/- 86.11, Cadmium = 1598.39 ppm +/- 75.41, Palladium = 459.42 ppm +/- 41.86, Lead = 2472868.25 ppm +/- 5356.49, Zinc = 1282.55 ppm +/- 264.38, Iron = 49210.62 ppm +/- 1888.31, Manganese = 2430.07 ppm +/- 1006.48, and Arsenic = 181024.66 ppm +/- 4471.38

pXRF analysis 197: Barium = 1943.43 ppm +/- 414.84, Antimony = 2997.92 ppm +/- 122.05, Tin = 2048.08 ppm +/- 125.89, Cadmium = 2148.3 ppm +/- 106.06, Palladium = 743.13 ppm +/- 65.4, Lead = 3447487.5 ppm +/- 7880.29, Zinc = 1370.38 ppm +/- 378.85, Iron = 77847.37 ppm +/- 2904.48, and Arsenic = 290564.56 ppm +/- 6602.53

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Neck of a bottle/carafe pottery vessel - Abbasid.

pXRF analysis 188: Barium = 425.59 ppm +/- 59.27, Antimony = 50.25 ppm +/- 15.59, Tin = 41.73 ppm +/- 14.64, Silver = 105.58 ppm +/- 17.49, Zirconium = 70.13 ppm +/- 10.45, Lead = 23.52 ppm +/- 10.32, Gold = 26.16 ppm +/- 11.77, Zinc = 77.61 ppm +/- 13.39, Copper = 42.83 ppm +/- 23.4, Nickel = 204.41 ppm +/- 49.52, Iron = 480175.81 ppm +/- 1404.4, Manganese = 602.68 ppm +/- 121.62, Chromium = 587.87 ppm +/- 199.05, Strontium = 83.71 ppm +/- 5.43, Rubidium 6.39 ppm +/- 2.55, and Arsenic = 141.05 +/- 12.12

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Creased handle - Abbasid.

pXRF analysis 192: Barium = 904.79 ppm +/- 65.7, Antimony = 105.25 ppm +/- 17.15, Tin = 102.66 ppm +/- 16.22, Cadmium = 55.29 ppm +/- 12.01, Silver = 185.86 ppm +/- 19.16, Zirconium = 1299.56 ppm +/- 22.47, Zinc = 78.7 ppm +/- 14.1, Iron = 350578.81 ppm +/- 1233.03, Manganese = 273.4 ppm +/- 105.04, Titanium = 11520.77 ppm +/- 1476.56, Strontium = 18.5 ppm +/- 3.89, Rubidium = 17.2 ppm +/- 3.17, and Arsenic = 50.63 ppm +/- 9.31

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Grayware collared rimsherd. Medieval.

pXRF analysis 363 : Barium = 614.60 ppm +/- 61.47, Antimony = 78.66 ppm +/- 16.29, Cadmium = 20.32 ppm +/- 11.88, Silver = 28.78 ppm +/- 8.64, Zirconium = 765.56 ppm +/- 19.16, Strontium = 237.79 ppm +/- 8.07, Rubidium = 55.19 +/- 4.35, Lead = 107.35 +/- 12.67, Arsenic = 39.62 ppm +/- 10.29, Zinc = 134.24 ppm +/- 15.10, Copper = 75.97 ppm +/- 20.93, Cobalt = 253.59 ppm +/- 100.45, Iron = 38454.02 ppm +/- 406.79, Manganese = 148.27 ppm +/- 58.61, Chromium = 362.20 ppm +/- 135.66 ppm, and Titanium = 23735.11 ppm +/- 1720.56.

pXRF analysis 368: Zirconium = 0.622% +/- 0.046, Lead = 0.063% +/- 0.012, Zinc = 0.102% =/- 0.018, Copper = 0.046% +/- 0.023, Iron = 21.955% +/- 1.008, Titanium = 5.119% +/- 0.346, Molybdenum = 0.084 +/- 0.030, Niobium = 0.061% +/- 0.028, Bismuth = 0.039% +/- 0.010, Aluminum = 18.171% +/- 0.641, and Silica = 53.508% +/- 1.059

Creased handle - Abbasid.

pXRF analysis 191: Barium = 775.02 ppm +/- 46.05, Antimony = 61.67 ppm +/- 11.91, Tin = 47.42 +/- 10.97, Cadmium = 39.74 ppm +/- 8.4, Silver = 138.16 ppm +/- 13.16, Zirconium = 30.67 ppm +/- 9.12, Lead = 14.66 ppm +/- 6.6, Selenium = 4.96 ppm +/- 2.98, Zinc = 39.61 ppm +/- 7.96, Nickel = 59.58 ppm +/- 26.61, Iron = 2800.71 ppm +/- 89.38, Manganese = 1718.99 +/- 87.89, Chromium = 229.05 ppm +/- 91.06, Strontium = 780.28 ppm +/- 46.05, and Rubidium = 7.89 ppm +/- 2.14

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Cream white glaze (lead) rimsherd - Fatimid or Crusader.

pXRF analysis 364 (Glaze): Barium = 2578.54 ppm +/- 111.94, Antimony = 393.15 ppm +/- 28.38, Tin = 366.94 ppm +/- 24.68, Cadmium = 163.41 ppm +/- 21.05, Silver = 95.81 ppm +/- 15.51, Palladium = 66.99 ppm +/- 11.60, Zirconium = 253.327 ppm +/- 28.03, Strontium = 113.04 ppm +/- 14.66, Lead = 130506.21 +/- 515.72, Arsenic = 13962.27 ppm +/- 402.00, Zinc = 193.56 ppm +/- 33.52, Copper = 143.74 ppm =/- 53.25, Cobalt = 403.25 ppm =/- 166.72, Iron = 42266.50 =/- 659.13, Manganese = 450.70 ppm +/- 141.66, and Titanium = 10849.48 ppm =/- 10849.48 ppm =/- 3123.85

pXRF analysis 367 (Glaze): Tin = 0.185% +/- 0.022, Zirconium = 0.036% +/- 0.018, Lead = 65.554% +/- 0.485, Iron = 1.527% +/- 0.071, Titanium = 1.185% +/- 0.198, Aluminum = 4.578% +/- 0.391, Phosphorus = 2.504% +/- 0.097, and Silica = 24.415

pXRF analysis 365 (Core): Barium 719.59 ppm +/- 66.74, Antimony = 72.11 ppm +/- 17.40, Tin = 51.93 ppm =/- 13.92, Cadmium = 31.55 ppm +/- 12.93, Silver = 30.13 ppm +/- 9.31, Zirconium = 448.36 ppm +/- 17.45, Strontium = 448.36 ppm +/- 17.45, Strontium = 226.81 ppm +/- 8.52, Rhodium = 34.55 ppm +/- 4.08, Lead = 1207.64 ppm =/- 37.22, Arsenic = 51.53 ppm +/- 27.87, Zinc = 120.64 ppm +/- 15.81, Copper = 91,69 ppm +/- 24.13, Cobalt = 436.36 ppm +/- 129.68, Iron = 55262.07 ppm +/- 523.22, Manganese = 767.64 ppm +/- 93.07, Chromium = 221.04 ppm +/- 142.99, and Titanium = 13105.07 ppm +/- 1646.84

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Rim sherd of a white glazed bowl - mostly likely Abbasid.

pXRF analysis 220 (Glaze): Barium = 4294.6 ppm +/- 130.92, Antimony = 619.38 ppm +/- 31.87, Tin = 2277.52 +/- 48.57, Cadmium = 287.84 ppm +/- 22.24, Palladium = 50.2 ppm +/- 10.7, Silver = 613.88 ppm +/- 36.73, Zirconium = 128.18 ppm +/- 31.45, Lead = 246448.2 ppm +/- 744.06, Zinc = 687.93 ppm +/- 62.13, Copper = 8054.63 ppm +/- 190.5, Cobalt = 271.48 ppm +/- 177.89, Iron = 40009.43 ppm +/- 646.18, Manganese = 1191.13 ppm +/- 211.49, Strontium = 652.98 +/- 26.21, and 36393.52 ppm +/- 641

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Body sherd with stamped and applied decoration - Abbasid.

pXRF analysis 221 = Barium = 830.46 ppm +/- 41.05, Antimony = 32.68 ppm +/- 10.24, Tin = 32.97 ppm +/- 9.47, Silver = 55.82 ppm +/- 19.94, Zirconium = 380.58 ppm +/- 10.48, Lead = 372.02 ppm +/- 13.76, Zinc = 295.66 ppm +/- 14.23, Copper = 106.16 ppm +/- 14.54, Nickel = 75.74 ppm +/-23.56, Cobalt = 187.29 ppm +/- 58.15, Iron = 24205.7 ppm +/- 216.32, Manganese = 629.41 ppm +/- 54.87, Chromium = 169.44 ppm +/- 81.22, Titanium = 1346.28 ppm +/- 776.11, Strontium = 665.63 ppm +/- 8.94, Rubidium = 19.28 ppm +/- 2.22, Arsenic = 97.17 ppm +/- 12.21.

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Abbasid white ware body sherd - a carinated shoulder.

pXRF analysis 259 = Barium = 660.10 ppm +/- 60.60, Antimony = 38.54 ppm +/- 15.54, Strontium = 37.14 ppm +/- 12.51 ppm, Cadmium = 25.67 ppm +/- 11.73, Silver = 21.84 ppm +/- 8.32, Zirconium = 428.92 ppm +/- 16.76, Strontium = 620.93 ppm +/- 12.33, Rhodium = 19.76 ppm +/- 620.93 ppm +/- 12.33, Rhodium = 19.76 ppm +/- 3.17, Lead = 97.49 ppm +/- 12.09, Arsenic = 73.57 ppm +/- 10.75, Mercury = 9.57 ppm +/- 5.71, Zinc = 238.61 ppm +/- 18.75, Copper = 133.78 ppm +/- 22.79, Cobalt = 151.64 ppm +/- 82.79, Iron = 26933.61 ppm +/- 336.33, Manganese = 725.34 +/- 80.72, and Titanium = 2658.51 ppm +/- 1243.69.0

Body sherd with stamped and applied decoration, C72 E. - Abbasid.

pXRF analysis 186: Barium = 684.55 ppm +/- 42.89, Antimony = 38.77 ppm +/- 10.94, Tin = 55.05 ppm +/- 10.33, Silver = 112.67 +/- 12.19, Zirconium = 45.98 ppm +/- 9.89, Zinc = 27.5 ppm +/- 7.29, Copper = 38.81 ppm +/- 13.94, Nickel = 49.24 ppm +/- 24.5, Iron = 6175.03 ppm +/- 118.69, Manganese = 240.04 ppm +/- 43.83, Chromium = 140.93 ppm +/- 81.5, Strontium = 1363.32 ppm +/- 13.52, Rubidium = 23.99 +/- 2.6, and Mercury = 11.02 ppm +/- 4.65

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Gray rimsherd "A" most likely Umayyad.

pXRF analysis 362 = Barium = 835.46 ppm +/- 61.64, Antimony = 77.45 ppm +/- 15.96, Strontium = 51.72 ppm +/- 12.70, Cadmium = 36.36 ppm +/- 11.86, Silver = 24.81 ppm +/- 8.38, Zirconium = 441.00 ppm +/- 15.90, Strontium = 248.31 +/- 8.09, Rubidium = 98.36 ppm +/- 5.39, Lead = 190.01 ppm +/- 15.16, Arsenic = 35.75 ppm +/- 11.84, Zinc = 140.21 +/- 15.02, Copper = 54.03 ppm +/- 19.48, Cobalt = 185.71 ppm +/- 99.07, Iron = 39352.62 ppm +/- 404.90, Manganese = 255.54 ppm +/- 63.21, Chromium = 276.13 ppm +/- 131.45, and Titanium = 15910.78 ppm +/- 1593.01

Gray ware vessel with combed neck. Most likely Umayyad or Abbasid.

pXRF analysis 360 = Strontium = 7.88 ppm +/- 1.50, Lead = 575.52 ppm +/- 12.15, Arsenic = 88.08 ppm +/- 9.56, Zinc = 20.06 ppm +/- 3.67, Iron = 51.12 ppm +/- 14.58, Chromium = 96.04 ppm +/- 32.34 ppm +/- and Titanium = 12519.24 ppm +/- 283.72

pXRF analysis 370 = Zirconium = 0.589% +/- 0.100, Iron = 18.972% +/- 2.070, Manganese = 0.436% +/- 0.111, Titanium == 2.042% +/- 0.485, Molybdenum = 0.319% +/- 0.072, Niobium = 0.228% +/- 0.052, Bismuth = 0.032 +/- 0.015, Aluminum = 12.717% +/- 1.324, and Silica = 64.453% +/- 2.937

Base of a glaze ware bowl, possibly Raqqa lusterware - Fatimid or Crusader period.

pXRF analysis 228 (Glaze): Barium = 5877.4 ppm +/- 403.24, Antimony = 1446.45 ppm +/- 96.18, Tin = 20313.19 ppm +/- 329.31, Cadmium = 779.32 ppm +/- 79.17, Palladium = 239.47 ppm +/- 42.85, Silver = 892.54 ppm +/- 127.34, Lead = 1500216.38 ppm +/- 4682.86, Zinc = 823.58 ppm +/- 242.16, Copper = 6166.42 ppm +/- 535.52, Iron = 10787.97 ppm +/- 1246.48, Manganese = 1762.91 ppm +/- 918.97, and Arsenic = 119463.94 ppm +/- 3915.19

pXRF analysis 229 (Paste): Barium = 755.36 ppm +/- 49.4, Antimony = 65.83 ppm +/- 12.63, Tin = 158.4 ppm +/- 12.68, Cadmium = 25.07 ppm +/- 8.71, Palladium = 10.08 ppm +/- 4.66, Silver = 99.05 ppm +/- 35.37, Zirconium = 341.66 ppm +/- 13.12, Lead = 22789.01 ppm +/- 120.78, Zinc = 118.95 ppm +/- 12.97, Copper = 228.52 ppm =/- 23.11, Nickel = 57.99 ppm +/- 33.06, Cobalt = 242.78 ppm +/- 69.91, Iron = 22991.65 ppm +/- 255.99, Manganese = 1125.45 ppm +/- 82.88, Strontium = 753.65 ppm +/- 11.77, Rubidium = 38.25 ppm +/- 4.55, and Arsenic = 3006.17 ppm +/- 103.33

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pXRF analysis 193: Barium = 766.49 ppm +/- 38.59, Antimony = 77.35 +/- 10.1, Tin = 47.17 ppm +/- 9.22, Cadmium = 22.84 ppm +/- 6.86, Silver = 140.88 ppm +/- 11.07, Lead = 58.5 ppm +/- 6.78, Gold = 17.43 ppm +/- 6.68, Zinc = 32.42 ppm +/- 6.16, Copper = 24.47 ppm +/- 11.56, Nickel = 92.49 ppm +/- 21.73, Iron = 270.17 ppm +/- 29.63, Chromium = 213.75 ppm +/- 74.91, Strontium = 167.75 ppm +/- 4.57, and Arsenic = 15.33 ppm +/- 5.76

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Handle of a jug with turban - Abbasid.

pXRF analysis 189: Barium = 156.1 ppm +/- 36.65, Antimony = 18.5 ppm +/- 9.93, Silver = 73.72 ppm +/- 26.33, Zirconium = 183.62 ppm +/- 7.71, Selenium = 4.77 ppm +/- 2.36, Iron = 7186.7 ppm +/- 714.83, Titanium = 7186.7 ppm +/- 714.83, Strontium = 22.73 ppm +/- 2.46, and Mercury 6.72 ppm +/- 3.89

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Light blue glazed body sherd - Crusader

pXRF analysis 230 (Glaze) : Barium = 3292.87 ppm +/- 235.51, Antimony = 1255.54 ppm +/- 71.88, Tin = 66060.22 ppm +/- 406.28, Cadmium = 475.98 ppm +/- 66.52, Palladium = 91.13 ppm +/- 26.29, Silver = 506.69 ppm +/- 85.16, Lead = 11922499.5 ppm +/- 1883.88, Zinc = 2247.76 ppm +/- 217.35, Copper = 47416.13 ppm +/- 800.57, Iron = 33466.86 ppm +/- 1166.76, Manganese = 1028.17 ppm +/- 565.28, and Arsenic = 81376.12 ppm +/- 2399.36

pXRF analysis 231 (core) = Barium = 1159.07 ppm +/- 189.65, Antimony = 99.79 ppm +/- 60.61, Tin = 56473.48 ppm +/- 354.78, Cadmium = 261.84 ppm +/- 54.78, Palladium = 142.07 ppm +/- 25.69, Silver = 270.64 ppm +/- 73.9, Lead = 1154882.88 ppm +/- 2691.69, Zinc = 1618.52 ppm +/- 2691.69, Copper = 37635.48 ppm +/- 677.8, Iron = 87809.55 ppm +/- 1638.9, Manganese = 964.41 ppm +/- 522.39, and Arsenic = 77886.02 ppm +/- 207.29

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Gray ware sherd decorated with combed decoration; thick body. Most likely Umayyad.

pXRF analysis 372 = Zirconium = 0.792% +/- 0.191, Lead = 0.272 +/- 0.067, Zinc = 0.407% +/- 0.107, Copper = 0.199% +/- 0.089, Iron = 26.320% +/- 4.013, Manganese = 0.722% +/- 0.191, Titanium = 2.699% +/- 0.631, Molybdenum = 0.259% +/- 0.102, Aluminum = 10.739% +/- 1.229, and Silica = 57.558% +/- 3.986.
pXRF analysis 358 = Barium = 671.07 ppm +/- 66.47, Antimony = 55.99 ppm +/- 17.24, Tin = 31.23 ppm +/- 13.64, Cadmium = 21.52 ppm +/- 12.77, Silver = 17.63 ppm +/- 9.04, Palladium = 11.86 ppm +/- 6.89, Zirconium = 169.15 ppm +/- 13.83, Strontium = 146.35 ppm +/- 7.12, Rhodium = 84.00 ppm +/- 5.54, Lead = 123.50 ppm +/- 14.20, Arsenic = 45.47 ppm +/- 11.61, Zinc = 110.23 ppm +/- 15.04, Copper = 145.47 ppm +/- 24.76, Nickel = 65.22 +/- 39.03, Iron = 35122.31 ppm +/- 422.96, Manganese = 372.72 ppm +/- 73.73, and Titanium = 4175.23 ppm +/- 1413.69.

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Caesarea Pottery Analysis with pXRF

Rim of a splash glaze bowl - Abbasid or Fatimid.

pXRF analysis 224 (Green glaze): Barium = 6647.05 ppm +/- 289.02, Antimony = 1667.64 ppm +/- 65.77, Tin = 1689.26 ppm +/- 79.32, Cadmium = 713.9 ppm +/- 42.14, Palladium = 247.36 ppm +/- 27, Silver = 1133.46 ppm +/- 90.15, Lead = 1601283.75 ppm +/- 3428.98, Zinc = 3302.11 ppm +/- 246.1, Copper = 26221.51 ppm +/- 633.61, Iron = 25526.58 ppm +/- 1121.45, and Arsenic = 115928.18 +/- 2857.52

pXRF analysis 225 (Brown glaze): Barium = 5504.58 ppm +/- 237.78, Antimony = 1131.58 ppm +/- 53.53, Tin = 847.83 ppm +/- 56.73, Cadmium = 638.65 ppm +/- 39.17, Palladium = 185.91 ppm +/- 22.27, Silver = 877.8 ppm +/- 71.75, Lead = 1070635.63 ppm +/- 2504.52, Zinc = 673.73 ppm +/- 130.72, Copper = 2443.46 ppm +/- 239.08, Iron = 27897.08 ppm +/- 1021.7, Manganese = 303352.97 ppm +/- 1176.3, and Arsenic = 81766.43 ppm +/- 2090.92.

pXRF analysis 226 (White background glaze): Barium = 7614.8 ppm +/- 266.99, Antimony = 1430.56 ppm +/- 58.21, Tin = 1093.16 ppm +/- 62.72, Cadmium = 656.64 ppm +/- 38.77, Palladium = 261.93 ppm +/- 25.55, Silver = 1119.99 ppm +/- 78.65, Lead = 1256750.88 ppm +/- 2750.81, Zinc = 558.11 ppm +/- 133.98, Copper = 1519.02 ppm +/- 229.55, Iron = 29479.36 ppm +/- 1016.82, and Arsenic = 107726.38 ppm +/- 2306.3

pXRF analysis 227 (Paste): Barium = 561.41 ppm +/- 37.33, Tin = 29.11 ppm +/- 8.83, Silver = 38.94 ppm +/- 13.91, Zirconium = 258.47 ppm +/- 9.13, Palladium = 887.47 ppm +/- 19.28, Zinc = 251.33 ppm +/- 12.52, Copper = 82.02 ppm +/- 12.96, Nickel = 104.3 ppm +/- 22.45, Cobalt = 93.73 ppm +/- 62.03, Iron = 32317.42 ppm +/- 236.09, Manganese = 546.02 ppm +/- 50.5, Chromium = 437.72 ppm +/- 84.59, Titanium = 6866.85 ppm +/- 766.22, Strontium = 681.32 ppm +/- 8.56, Rubidium = 26.59 ppm +/- 2.37, and Arsenic = 112.41 ppm +/- 16.37

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Red glazed frying pan body sherd - Crusader.

pXRF analysis 222 (Glaze): Barium = 11870.53 ppm +/- 533.93, Antimony = 3249.64 ppm +/- 124.67, Tin = 2130.88 ppm +/- 128.22, Cadmium = 2081.99 ppm +/- 99.62, Palladium = 628.05 ppm +/- 57.63, Silver = 1777.67 ppm +/- 165.08, Lead = 3061900.75 ppm +/- 6865.2, Arsenic = 261139.23 ppm +/- 5754.68, Zinc = 644.23 ppm +/- 313.83, Copper = 1123.74 ppm +/- 506.3, Iron = 144323.16 ppm +/- 3384.23, and Manganese = 2491.33 ppm +/- 1306.29

pXRF analysis 223 (paste): Barium = 374.17 ppm +/- 33.92, Antimony = 15.7 ppm +/- 8.85, Silver = 21.51 ppm +/- 9.46 ppm, Zirconium = 250.02 ppm +/- 7.56, Lead = 2303.59 ppm +/- 28.4, Zinc = 92.33 ppm +/- 8, Copper = 282.53 ppm +/- 16.13, Nickel = 30.5 ppm +/- 19.35, Iron = 44913.52 ppm +/- 259.4, Manganese = 512.85 ppm +/- 46.6, Chromium = 285.86 ppm +/- 74.14, Strontium = 93.36 ppm +/- 3.4, Rubidium = 40.17 ppm +/- 2.41, and Arsenic = 507.18 ppm +/- 25.15.

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Body sherd with stamped decoration - Abbasid.

pXRF analysis 212: Barium = 1176.92 ppm +/- 46.87, Antimony = 90.1 ppm +/- 11.8, Tin = 81.96 ppm +/- 10.98, Cadmium = 35.98 ppm +/- 8.11, Silver = 134.69 ppm +/- 8.11, Silver = 134.69 ppm +/- 12.85, Zirconium = 348.51 ppm +/- 11.17, Lead = 36.51 ppm +/- 7.21, Zinc = 123.57 ppm +/- 10.93, Copper = 39.07 ppm +/- 14.57, Nickel = 63.44 ppm +/- 26.45, Cobalt = 183.16 ppm +/- 56.84, Iron = 18770.44 ppm +/- 209.04, Manganese = 564.43 ppm +/- 59.14, Chromium = 408.47 ppm +/- 100.96, Strontium = 618.54 ppm +/- 9.46, Rubidium = 23.36 ppm +/- 2.53, Arsenic = 41.66 ppm +/- 6.85, and Mercury = 10.07 ppm +/- 4.88

pXRF analysis 213: Barium = 919.48 ppm +/- 44.21, Antimony = 67.75 ppm +/- 11.23, Tin = 47.53 ppm +/- 10.28, Palladium = 7.57 ppm +/- 4.07, Silver = 89.84 ppm +/- 32.09, Zirconium = 318.84 ppm +/- 10.6, Lead = 62.89 ppm +/- 7.89, Zinc = 112.27 ppm +/- 10.34, Copper = 118.26 ppm +/- 16.23, Cobalt = 108.1 ppm +/- 52.37, Iron = 17267.48 ppm +/- 195.29, Manganese = 567.36 ppm +/- 56.54, Chromium = 258.7 ppm +/- 90.02, Strontium = 591.28 ppm +/- 9.01, Rubidium = 27.7 ppm +/- 2.57, and Arsenic = 24.52 ppm +/- 6.87

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Body sherd with combed decoration - Late Byzantine or Umayyad

pXRF analysis 216 (exterior) = Barium = 878.56 ppm +/- 38.11, Antimony = 39.06 ppm +/- 9.51, Tin = 19.6 ppm +/- 8.69, Cadmium = 10.49 ppm +/- 6.52, Silver = 82.12 ppm +/- 29.33, Zirconium = 198.81 ppm +/- 7.89, Lead = 15.52 ppm +/- 5.24, Gold = 10.36 ppm +/- 6.04, Zinc = 88.41 ppm +/- 8.08, Copper = 23.1 ppm +/- 10.87, Nickel = 96.45 ppm +/- 21.58, Iron = 30240.33 ppm +/- 224.49, Manganese = 1253.53 ppm +/- 64.63, Titanium = 2841.85 ppm +/- 750.67, Strontium = 310.82 ppm +/- 5.81, Rubidium = 49.91 ppm +/- 2.66, and Arsenic = 14.88 ppm +/- 4.55

pXRF analysis 217 (paste): Barium = 938.5 ppm +/- 41.56, Antimony = 51.39 ppm +/- 10.42, Tin = 45.42 ppm +/- 9.65, Cadmium = 22.42 ppm +/- 7.22, Palladium = 9.61 ppm +/- 3.86, Silver = 99.06 ppm +/- 35.38, Zirconium = 176.46 ppm +/- 8.43, Lead = 53.91 ppm +/- 7.08, Gold = 11.19 ppm +/- 6.76, Zinc = 77.07 ppm +/- 8.35, Nickel = 96.9 ppm +/- 23.82, Cobalt = 170.59 ppm +/- 51.8, Iron = 18648.38 ppm +/- 191.07, Manganese = 511.84 ppm +/- 51.16, Strontium = 341.65 ppm +/- 6.57, Rubidium = 42.93 ppm +/- 2.74, and Arsenic = 10.94 ppm +/- 5.89

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Body sherd with stamped and trailed decoration - Abbasid.

pXRF analysis 218 (ext): Barium = 845.03 ppm +/- 42.97, Antimony = 50.38 ppm +/- 10.89, Tin = 41.65 ppm +/- 10.03, Cadmium = 24.47 ppm +/- 7.56, Palladium = 5.95 ppm +/- 3.96, Silver = 93.32 ppm +/- 33,33, Zirconium = 369.95 ppm +/- 10.91, Lead = 217.98 ppm +/- 11.61, Selenium = 6.07 ppm +/- 2.81, Zinc = 271.21 ppm +/- 14.33, Copper = 109.43 ppm +/- 15.49, Cobalt = 205.81 ppm +/- 69.5, Iron = 32316.69 ppm +/- 260.57, Manganese = 706 ppm +/- 59.91, Titanium = 3924.48 ppm +/- 858.98, Strontium = 685.14 ppm +/- 9.47, Rubidium = 20.68 ppm +/- 2.35, and Arsenic = 10.69 ppm +/- 6.26

pXRF analysis 219 (paste): Barium = 813.3 ppm +/- Antimony = 27.99 ppm +/- 10.87, Tin = 30.11 ppm +/- 10.07, Cadmium = 12.54 ppm +/- 7.55, Silver = 66.16 ppm +/- 23.63, Zirconium = 320.3 ppm +/- 10.61, Lead = 274.24 ppm +/- 12.92, Tungsten = 42.34 ppm +/- 26.72, Zinc = 111.19 ppm +/- 10.28, Copper = 70.27 ppm +/- 14.77, Cobalt = 138.66 ppm +/- 62.12, Iron = 24800.03 ppm +/- 233.13, Manganese = 474.75 ppm +/- 53.87, Chromium = 161.7 ppm +/- 86.1, Strontium = 594.24 ppm +/- 9.03, Rubidium = 37.06 ppm +/- 2.81, and Arsenic 102.18 ppm +/- 11.81

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pXRF analysis 369 = Zirconium = 0.417 % +- 0.042, Lead = 0.241% +/- 0.028, Zinc = 0.182% +/- 0.029, Iron = 24.937% +/- 1.450, Manganese = 0.198% +/- 0.064, Titanium = 3.996% +/- 0.363, Bismuth = 0.045% +/- 0.014, Aluminum = 15.456% +/- 0.754, and Silica = 54.149% +/- 1.362

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